My Critical Reasoning:

“You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day”

What does it mean?

the ayah is not complete here, it will only have total meaning when I know what is coming after this

That’s right! But you can see what is coming after this. “having affection for those who oppose Allah and His Messenger”. Now go back to that part again, what does this mean?

“You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day”

It means a believer cannot, mean’s, it’s impossible that a person believes and the same time have a passionate, affectionate, intimate, loving relation with someone………

Who’s that ‘someone’?

Someone who opposes Allah, as his Creator and Rasulullah, as the messenger from the Creator.

What does ‘opposing’ means here? How do you understand opposing an authority? For example, a government as an authority, an university as an authority.

By denying, by not recognizing, by not abiding by it’s rule, by not showing respect to it’s systems, by talking lies and ill about, by spreading lies about

So, who are these people that do those things with Allah Subhanahu wa Taa’la and Rasulullah, sallillahu alaihi wa sallam? 

The atheists deny,

the agnostics do not recognize,

All other religious people do not abide by the rules, laws and systems of Allah

And then there are those who spread lies, falsehood, speak ill about Allah that He has a son, or He is a Man and they spread lies, falsehood, speak ill about Rasulullah

Therefore, can a Muslim have any passionate, affectionate, intimate, loving relation, a friendship with those people?

No ways! It’s impossible to be Muslim and having a friendship with a kuffar!

58:22

لَّا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ ۖ وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

Sahih International
You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day having affection for those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred. Those – He has decreed within their hearts faith and supported them with spirit from Him. And We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him – those are the party of Allah . Unquestionably, the party of Allah – they are the successful.

Bangla
যারা আল্লাহ ও পরকালে বিশ্বাস করে, তাদেরকে আপনি আল্লাহ ও তাঁর রসূলের বিরুদ্ধাচরণকারীদের সাথে বন্ধুত্ব করতে দেখবেন না, যদিও তারা তাদের পিতা, পুত্র, ভ্রাতা অথবা জ্ঞাতি-গোষ্ঠী হয়। তাদের অন্তরে আল্লাহ ঈমান লিখে দিয়েছেন এবং তাদেরকে শক্তিশালী করেছেন তাঁর অদৃশ্য শক্তি দ্বারা। তিনি তাদেরকে জান্নাতে দাখিল করবেন, যার তলদেশে নদী প্রবাহিত। তারা তথায় চিরকাল থাকবে। আল্লাহ তাদের প্রতি সন্তুষ্ট এবং তারা আল্লাহর প্রতি সন্তুষ্ট। তারাই আল্লাহর দল। জেনে রাখ, আল্লাহর দলই সফলকাম হবে।